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Executive Summary Sperm DNA integrity is crucial for healthy fertilisation and embryo development. Routine DNA fragmentation (SDF) tests (e.g. TUNEL, SCSA, SCD, alkaline Comet) measure overall DNA damage but do…

Male fertility evaluation begins with one of the most important laboratory investigations, the semen analysis test. While many laboratories still depend on conventional manual microscopy methods, modern fertility diagnostics are…

The Hypo-Osmotic Swelling (HOS) Test is a specialised laboratory test used to evaluate the functional integrity and vitality of sperm cell membranes. At Sun Diagnostics, Navi Mumbai, the HOS test…